How pH Is Calculated

pH is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, measured in moles per liter. Lower pH values mean a more acidic solution, while higher values mean a more basic (alkaline) solution.

The pH Scale

The pH scale generally runs from 0 to 14, with 7 considered neutral (like pure water), values below 7 considered acidic, and values above 7 considered basic.